Game Bibliography:
Sources fall under creative commons domain or are public domain unless otherwise noted.
IMAGES
1940 Census Enumeration District Descriptions - Maryland - Anne Arundel County
Creator: Department of Commerce. Bureau of the Census. Office of the Assistant Director for Operations. Geography Division
Date: 1950
U.S. National Archives and Records Administration
Acres of land owned by Negroes in Georgia
Artist: WEB Du Bois
Date: ca. 1900
Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division
African Americans in World War I
Full Title: “War Department. Officers of the Buffalo Soldiers", 367th Infantry, 77th Division in France. 1917-1919.
Date: 1919
NARA, GPA Photo Archive
African American Nurses during World War II
Full Title: A group of nurses at the 268th Station Hospital, Australia, receive their first batch of mail from home. Three of the nurses are Lts. Prudence L. Burns, Inez Holmes, and Birdie E. Brown.
Date: 29 Nov 1943
NARA, Department of the Army.
African American troops during World War II
Full Title: "Leading petty officers of one of the Navy's new Logistics Support Companies... This company is undergoing combat training by Service Force Advance Base Section at a station on Oahu Island prior to their departure for duty in a combat area."
Date: 1945
NARA, GPA Photo Archive
Alice Augusta Ball
Date: 1915
Wikimedia Commons
Amistad Cannibal
Artist: Niles Hezekiah
Date: 1839
Niles National register, Sept. 7 1839 Public access
Art Tatum
Full Title: Portrait of Art Tatum, Rochester, N.Y.(?)
Artist: William Gottlieb
Date: May 1946
Library of Congress
The Assault or Fencing Match which took place at Carlton House on the 9th of April 1787
Artist: Victor Marie Picot (1744-1805) after a painting by Charles Jean Robineau
Date: 1789
© The Trustees of the British Museum
Shared under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) licence.
Assessed value of household and kitchen furniture owned by Georgia Negroes
Artist: WEB Du Bois
Date: ca. 1900
Library of Congress
Bell rack on model, museum in Mobile, Ala.
Date: ca. 1937/ 1938
Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division
Bessie Coleman
Date: 1922
GPA Photo Archive; Wikimedia Commons
Billie Holiday
Full Title: Portrait of Billie Holiday, Club Downbeat, New York, N.Y.
Artist: William Gottlieb
Date: Feb 1947
Library of Congress
Birth of a Nation poster
Epoch Producing Co.
Date: 1915
Wikimedia Commons
Black Trumpeter at Henry VIII's Tournament
Date: 1511
Wikimedia Commons
Britain for the British: leaflet from Jim Broadfield’s campaign
Date: 1981
Searchlight Archives, University of Northampton
Cadets at Haines Normal and Industrial Institute, Augusta, Georgia
Date: 1899
Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division
Capt. Della H. Raney
Date: 1945
Restored by Adam Cuerden
US National Archives
Dr. Carter G. Woodson (1875-1950), Carter G. Woodson Home National Historic Site, 1915.
Date: 1915
Artist: Scurlock Studio Records
U.S. National Park Service; Scurlock Studio Records, ca. 1905-1994, Archives Center, National Museum of American History
Casino de Paris–Josephine Baker 1930
Artist: Louis Gaudin
Date: 1930
Zig via Wikimedia Commons
Claudette Colvin, aged 13, in 1953.
Date: 1953
The Visibility Project via Wikimedia Commons
The Chevalier de Saint-Georges (1745-1799).
Artist: Alexandre-Auguste Robineau
Date: 1787
© Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024 | Royal Collection Trust
Christening of smallest Klansman, Wm.[?] Stanley, 8 weeks old
Date: 1924
Library of Congress
Christian Frederick Cole (1852-1885) depicted in one of the Oxford cartoons from 1879
Oxford Caricatures, Vol. 3
originally published by Thomas Shrimpton & Son
Date: 1879
Oxford Bodleian Libraries
Circle graph shows percentage of African Americans and whites in various occupations.
Artist: WEB Du Bois
Date: 1900
Library of Congress
Clementine Hunter
Date: 1976-1981
Schlesinger Library, Harvard University via Wikimedia Commons
"Cole-and-Minstrel Caricatures"
left, John Johnson Collection Minstrels 3 (18d); right, John Johnson Collection Minstrels 3 (2); with a caricature image of Christian Cole in the centre
originally published by Thomas Shrimpton & Son
Date: 1839
Images from the Bodleian Library collections
Colour Ban
Date: Sept 1943
Holdorn Trade Council
Constructing Lincoln
Full Title: Photograph of the Abraham Lincoln Statue Installation in the Lincoln Memorial, Washington, D.C.
Date: 1920
Credit: Office of Public Buildings and Public Parks of the National Capital
U.S. National Archives
Crownsville Hospital on January 15, 1932
Wikimedia Commons
Cumberland Landing, Va. Group of "contrabands" at Foller's house
Artist: James F Gibson
Date: 14 May 1862
Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, photo by James F. Gibson
Detail from the Catalan Atlas Sheet 6 showing Mansa Musa [cropped]
Artist: attributed to Abraham Cresques
Date: 1375
Source gallica.bnf.fr / Bibliothèque nationale de France”
Detail from the Catalan Atlas Sheet 6 showing Mansa Musa [uncropped]
Artist: attributed to Abraham Cresques
Date: 1375
Source gallica.bnf.fr / Bibliothèque nationale de France”
Diane Julia Abbott
Artist: Chris McAndrew
© UK Parliament 2024
Dizzy Gillespie
Artist: William Gottlieb
Date: 1947
Library of Congress
Du Bois in 1918
Date: 1918
Artist: Cornelius Marion Battey
Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Easter Rebellion memorial
Artist: Capt Jay Ruffins
Date: 7 Oct 2023
Ebenezer Bassett
Full Title: African American Diplomats - Ebenezer Bassett
Date: 1869
Black Past/ GPA Photo Archive
No changes made. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0
The Emperor Jones
Date: 1937
Full Title: "The Emperor Jones" by Eugene O'Neill with Ralph Chesse's Marionettes., 1937
U.S Federal Theatre Project, Library of Congress
Employment of Negroes in Agriculture - Artist Earle Richardson' painting: Employment of Negroes in Agriculture, 1934, working in cotton field
Date: 1934
Artist: Earle Richardson
Smithsonian American Art Museum, transfer from the U.S. Department of Labor
The Fencing-Match between the Chevalier de Saint-George and the Chevalier d'Eon c. 1787-9.
Artist: Alexandre-Auguste Robineau
Date: ca. 1787-1789
© Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024 | Royal Collection Trust
Garrett Morgan
Date: Feb 1914
USMC via Wikimedia Commons
George Washington Carver
Date: Unknown
Special Collections, USDA National Agricultural Library
A guy's entitled to a jury of his peers, ain't he?
Artist: Herbert Block
Date: 1965
© The Herb Block Foundation
“Happy lynchers”
Date: ca 1920
Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Jean Blackwell Hutson Research and Reference Division/
The New York Public Library
Harriet Tubman taken with some of the slaves she helped to free
Date: Unknown
"History of Women Photographs." from the Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College
Henry Highland Garnet
Artist: James U. Stead
Date: 1888
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
He Wants to Change Too
Artist: Thomas Nast
Date: 1876
Library of Congress
Nast, Thomas, 1840-1902. Illustrations and political cartoons by Thomas Nast which is part of: Ben and Beatrice Goldstein Foundation collection.
Henry Ossawa Tanner
Date: 1907
Wikimedia Commons
Ignatius Sancho (c. 1729–1780)
Artist: Thomas Gainsborough
Date: 1768
Gainsborough, Thomas. Ignatius Sancho. 1768, oil on canvas, National Gallery of Canada.
Income and expenditure of 150 Negro families in Atlanta, Ga., U.S.A.
Artist: WEB Du Bois
Date: 1900
Library of Congress
Ira Aldridge as Aaron in ‘Titus Andronicus’
Date: ca 1852
The London Printing and Publishing Company
Library of Congress
Ira Aldridge as Othello
Date: 1854
Harvard Theatre Collection, Houghton Library, Harvard University
Ira Aldridge portrait
Print made by: Miklós Barabás
Printed by: Johann Rauh
© The Trustees of the British Museum.
Shared under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International
(CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) licence
Jim Crow. Sold wholesale and retail by L. Deming, at the sign of the Barber's pole Hanover St., Boston, and at Middlebury, Vt
Date: 19th cent.
Library of Congress, Rare Books and Special Collections Division, America Singing: Nineteenth-Century Song Sheets
Joseph Bologne, Chevalier de Saint-Georges, after William Ward, after Mather Brown.
Reproduction of mezzotint, original published 1788
© National Portrait Gallery, London.
“Keep Britain White” graffiti
Artist: Neil Kenlock
Date: 1972
Tate Images
© Neil Kenlock
Reproduced with permission of Neil Kenlock
Josephine Baker, Banana Skirt
Date: 1926
Wikimedia Commons/ PICRYL
Josephine Baker –La Joie de Paris 1932
Artist: Louis Gaudin
Date: 1932
Zig via Wikimedia Commons
Joséphine Baker photographiée
Artist: Henri Manuel
Date: 1920
Wikimedia Commons
Katherine Johnson
Date: 1966
NASA
Kindergarten at Haines Normal and Industrial Institute, Augusta, Georgia
Date: 1899
Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division
King Kong poster
Date: 1933
Wikimedia Commons
Ku Klux Klan parade, 9/13/26
Date: 1926
Library of Congress
Ku Klux Klan parade, 9/13/26 pt 2
Date: 1926
Library of Congress
Laboratory class in bacteriology, Howard University
Artist: WEB DuBois
Date: 1900
Library of Congress
Ladywood By-Election election address from Anthony Reed-Herbert for the Ladywood Byelection of 1977
Date: 1977
Searchlight Archives, University of Northampton
Law graduating class at Howard University
Date: 1900
Library of Congress
Lint Shaw, killed by a mob near Royston, Georgia
Date: 1936
Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Jean Blackwell Hutson Research and Reference Division/ The New York Public Library
Look Down That Road
Date: 1942
Artist: Charles Pollock
Smithsonian American Art Museum, transfer from the U.S. Department of Labor
No Changes Made. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0
Mansa Moussa on the map of Angelino Dulcert
Artist: Angelino Dulcert
Date: 1339
Source gallica.bnf.fr / Bibliothèque nationale de France”
Map of Angelino Dulcert [cropped]
Artist: Angelino Dulcert
Source gallica.bnf.fr / Bibliothèque nationale de France”
Mary Church Terrell (September 23, 1863 – July 24, 1954)
Date: ca. 1880-1900
Restored by Adam Cuerden
Library of Congress
Mary Edmonia Lewis
Date: 1870
Artist: Henry Rocher
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institute
Mary McLeod Bethune
Full Title: Mary McLeod Bethune with girls from the Literary and Industrial Training School for Negro Girls in Daytona, circa 1905
Date: 1905
State Archives of Florida
Mary McLeod Bethune
Date: 1938
Artist: Harris & Ewing
GPA Photo Archive Library of Congress
Matthew Alexander Henson
Date: 1910
Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Maya Angelou - Renowned poet, educator, historian, author, actress, playwright and civil rights icon Maya Angelou delivers an address for Elon University's Fall Convocation in 2012.
Date: 2012
Elon University
CC BY 2.0 license. No changes made
Nanny of the Maroons
Full Title: Right Excellent Nanny of the Maroons (conferred the Order of the National Hero)
Black Heroes Foundation
Permission granted from Black Heroes Foundation
The New Shoes
Artist: William Summers
Date: 1833
Life in Philadelphia collection; Library Company of Philadelphia
Normal class, Roger Williams University, Nashville, Tennessee.
Date: 1900
Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Paris Exposition (#1-6)
Full Description: At the turn of the twentieth century, W. E. B. Du Bois, professor of sociology at Atlanta University, was invited to compile a photographic exhibit on Black America for the 1900 Paris Exposition. The exhibit, which included 500 photographs and other materials, garnered international acclaim.
Date: 1900
Artist: WEB Du Bois
Library of Congress
Part of crowd surrounding the burning body of Will Brown
Date: 1920-1929
Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture
Paul Gilroy
Date: 2019
Mjgw at English via Wikimedia Commons
Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license.
Paul Laurence Dunbar 1903
Artist: Baker
Date: 1903
The Booklovers Magazine via Wikimedia Commons
Paul Laurence Dunbar Portrait
Artist: Clement Richardson
Date: 1919
The National Cyclopedia of the Colored Race, Montgomery
National Publishing Company, Inc. via Wikimedia Commons
Paul Laurence Dunbar, Shadow and Light
Artist: Mifflin Wistar Gibbs
Date: 1902
Boston Library Consortium Member Libraries via Wikimedia Commons
Photo of Dorothy Dandridge in her first dramatic television role as a singer in Cain's Hundred
Date: 1962
MGM Television via Wikimedia Commons
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published in the United States between 1929 and 1977, inclusive, without a copyright notice.
Portrait of Ayuba Suleiman Diallo
Artist: William Hoare
Date: 1733
Gandalf's Gallery
CC BY-NC-SA 2.0
Portrait of Charlie Parker, Tommy Potter, Miles Davis, and Max Roach, Three Deuces Club, New York, N.Y.
Artist: William Gottlieb
Date: August 1947
Library of Congress
Portrait of Dido Elizabeth Belle (1761-1804) and her cousin Lady Elizabeth Murray (1760-1825)
Artist: David Martin
Date: ca. 1778
The original is in Scone Palace, Perthshire, Scotland.
© The Earl of Mansfield, Scone Palace, Perth, Scotland
Portrait of Ella Fitzgerald, New York, N.Y., ca. Nov. 1946
Artist: William Gottlieb
Date: 1946
Library of Congress, William Gottlieb Collection
Portrait of Ella Fitzgerald, Dizzy Gillespie, Ray Brown, Milt (Milton) Jackson, and Timmie Rosenkrantz, Downbeat, New York, N.Y.
Artist: William Gottlieb
Date: 1947
Library of Congress, William Gottlieb Collection
Portrait of Josephine Baker
Date: 1930
Wikimedia Commons
Portrait of Josephine Baker, Paris 2
Artist: Carl Van Vechten
Date: 1949
Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, Carl Van Vechten Collection
Portrait of Thelonious Monk, Minton's Playhouse, New York, N.Y.
Artist: William Gottlieb
Date: September 1947
Library of Congress
Portrait of Walter F White, Executive Secretary of the NAACP
Date: 1955
Queen Charlotte (1744-1818) Oil on canvas
Artist: Thomas Gainsborough (1727-88)
Date: ca. 1781
© Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024 | Royal Collection Trust
“Racist Image of Banjo Player”: African American, Seated, Playing Banjo
Calvert Lithograph Company
Date: 1892
Library of Congress
Richmond Barthé (1901 – 1989)
NARA
Sam Hose - 'Negro' lynched and burned in Atlanta April 1899
Date: 1899
Ostenta via Wikimedia Commons
Samuel Coleridge-Taylor
Artist: Cavendish Morton
Date: 1908
The Sketch Vol. 63 (30 September 1908) via Wikimedia Commons
Samuel Coleridge Taylor
Artist: Maud Cuney Hare
Date: 1936
Miriam Matthews Photograph Collection, UCLA Library Digital Collections via Wikimedia Commons
Samuel Coleridge-Taylor three quarter length...
Restored by Adam Cuerden
Date: 1905
Library of Congress via Wikimedia Commons
Sarah Forbes Bonetta
Artist: Camille Silvy
Date: 15 September 1862
© National Portrait Gallery, London
Sarah Vaughan
Full Title: Portrait of Sarah Vaughan, Café Society (Downtown), New York, N.Y.
Artist: William P. Gottlieb
Date: September 1946
Library of Congress
Scene of a lynch at Clanton, Alabama, August 1891, [image facing page 3]
Artist: Ida B. Wells-Barnett
Date: 1891
Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Jean Blackwell Hutson Research and Reference Division/ The New York Public Library
School on Wheels
Full Title: Here is the Booker T. Washington Agricultural school truck on wheels in Alabama in 1917
Date: 1917
Photo courtesy of US National Archives and Records Administration.
Selma March
Full Title: Participants, some carrying American flags, marching in the civil rights march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama in 1965
Date: 1965
Artist: Peter Pettus
Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs
Sewing class at Haines Normal and Industrial Institute, Augusta, Georgia
Date: 1899
Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division
Shirley Chisholm
Date: 1965
Artist: Roger Higgins, NYWT
New York World-Telegram & Sun Collection, Library of Congress
The Six Triple Eight
Full Title: Photograph of the 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion in France
Date: 1945
US National Archives, The Unwritten Record
Slaves being thrown overboard from an unidentified slave ship
Date: 1832
The Liberator via Wikimedia Commons
Slavery at Home and Abroad
Artist: Henry Heath
Date: 1838
Gift of Mrs. William H. Horstmann, 1955. Philadelphia Museum of Art.
The South
Artist: Philip Reisman
Date: 1934
Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Jean Blackwell Hutson Research and Reference Division/ The New York Public Library
St. George & the Dragon and Mademoiselle d'Eon "Riposting"
Date: 1789
Wikimedia Commons
Thomas Wilkes
Date: 1899
The Atlanta Journal-Constitution via Wikimedia Commons
Thomas Ship and Abe Smith (Marion, IN lynching)
Date: 1930
Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Jean Blackwell Hutson Research and Reference Division/ The New York Public Library
Tuskegee Airmen
Full Description: Circa May 1942 to Aug 1943 Location unknown, likely Southern Italy or North Africa.
Date: ca: 1942/ 1943
US Air Force
Tuskegee Airmen
Full Title: Members of the 332nd Fighter Group attending a briefing in Ramitelli, Italy, March, 1945
Artist: Toni Frissell
Date: Mar. 1945
Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division
The Union as it was The lost cause, worse than slavery
Artist: Thomas Nast
Date: 1874
Library of Congress
Value of land owned by African Americans in Georgia from 1875 to 1899
Artist: WEB DuBois
Date: ca. 1900
Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division
Versions of Frey Portrait
Full title/ description: Portrait of 3 children in a Louisiana Landscape; 1837 painting of Elizabeth, Léontine and Frederick Frey Jr., with enslaved domestic servant Bélizaire, posed in fanciful rural landscape. Likely commissioned by New Orleans merchant Frederick Frey, or his wife Coralie Frey. The parents of the Frey children and enslaver of Bélizaire.
Artist: Jacques Guillaume Lucien Amans (1801-1888)
Date: 1837
Wikimedia Commons
Victoria Mantou, Dahomey Amazons
Full Title: Amazons of Black Sparta : The Women Warriors of Dahomey
Artist: Stanley B. Alpern
Date: 1890
London: C. Hurst & Co. Ltd. 2011
Wikimedia Commons
View of the lynching of Tom Ship and Abe Smith at Marion, IN: Civilization in the United States, 1930
Date: 1930
Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Photographs and Prints Division/ New York Public Library Digital Collections
Views of Slavery
Full Title: "America on Stone"
Artist: Harry T. Peters
Date: 1836
Smithsonian National Museum of American History, Lithography Collection
Visit of the Ku-Klux / drawn by Frank Bellew. , 1872
Artist: Frank Bellow
Date: 1872
Library of Congress
Walter Francis White
Artist: Clara_Sipprell
Date: 1950
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; bequest of Phyllis Fenner
Restrictions & RightsCC0 Object number // NPG.82.197
Data Source National Portrait Gallery
W. E. B. Du Bois with the Fisk University class of 1888
Date: 1888
Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Photographs and Prints Division/ New York Public Library Digital Collections
Will Brown, victim of Mob’s wrath
Date: ca. 1920
Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Jean Blackwell Hutson Research and Reference Division/ The New York Public Library
William Benjamin Gould and his Six Sons
Date: 1917
Wikimedia Commons
Used Courtesy of William B Gould IV
William Cuffay
Artist: William Paul Dowling
Date: 1848
National Portrait Gallery, London
Women's Army Corps assigned to overseas service. England, February 15, 1945.
Date: 15 Feb 1945
NARA, GPA Photo Archive
Young Saint-Georges in 1768. Based on Roger de Beauvoir, Le chevalier de Saint-Georges, H.L. Delloye, Paris
Artist: Charles-Édouart de Beaumont
Date: ca. 1840
Wikimedia Commons
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